Research
Earth's energy imbalance
Earth's albedo was observed to be symmetric between the hemispheres.
- We find that dimming from clouds is mostly symmetric between the NH and SH.
- But the overall symmetry is breaking due to trends from atmospheric clear-sky reflection (a dimming of the NH and brightening of the SH).
- We attribute the Southern Ocean brightening to wind-driven sea spray aerosol increase.
- 1. Singer and Pincus (2026) https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL119637
- 2. Stevens, et al. (including C.E. Singer) (2026) https://doi.org/10.17617/2.3711842
- 2. Singer, Hadas, et al. (In revision) https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15005264/v1
Aerosol-cloud interactions
How do aerosol properties influence cloud droplet activation and cloud formation?
Open-source tools for particle-based microphysics modeling
- I am a contributor to PySDM, an open-source microphysics code with examples that uses particle-based methods.
- I have also used the University of Warsaw Lagrangian Cloud Model for superdroplet-enabled large-eddy simulations.
- 1. Ming, et al. (including C.E. Singer) (2020) https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL091699
- 2. Bartman, et al. (including C.E. Singer) (2022) https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03219
- 3. de Jong, Singer, et al. (2023) https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.04968
- 4. Feingold, et al. (including C.E. Singer) (2024) https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.adi8594
- 5. Lamb, Singer, et al. (2026) https://doi.org/10.1029/2025MS005341
- 6. Arabas, et al. (including C.E. Singer) (2026) https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3906
Stratocumulus cloud response to climate change
- Stratocumulus clouds are prevalent only in certain regions (e.g. off the coast of California) because they exist through a delicate balance of cool ocean temperatures below and a strong temperature inversion at the top of the boundary layer created from subsiding free-tropospheric air.
- 1. Singer and Schneider (in revision) https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.168167352.24863390/v1
- 2. Singer and Schneider (in revision) https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.168167204.45220772/v1
- 3. Liu-Schiaffini, Singer, et al. (Accepted) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2308.08794
- 4. Schiro, et al. (including C.E. Singer) (2022) https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34787-4
Marine cloud brightening
- MCB, the deliberate modification of low-level clouds to increase their reflectivity, is a proposed method of climate intervention. In my work on this topic, I have used fully-coupled Earth system models to explore the microphysical processes and how to couple to the rest of the climate system. My recent work has focused on understanding the potential cascading effects of MCB in the Arctic, in particular the interactions between the clouds and sea ice via the surface energy budget.
- 1. Singer et al. (in review) https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15010200/v1
- 2. Lee et al. (submitted)
- 3. Clemens-Sewall et al. (in prep)
3D cloud radiative effects
How large is the albedo bias in climate models resulting from 1D radiative transfer assumptions?
Related publications- 1. Singer, et al. (2021) https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS-D-21-0032.1
Convective transport in the upper troposphere-lower stratosphere (UTLS)
Liz Moyer's group uses water vapor isotopes (HDO/H2O) to quantify the role of convection on transport in the UTLS.
- In summer 2017, we participated in the StratoClim aircraft campaign from of Kathmandu, Nepal.
- 1. Singer, et al. (2022) https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-4767-2022
- 2. Khaykin, et al. (including C.E. Singer) (2022) https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-3169-2022
- 3. Clouser, Sarkozy, Singer, et al. (2025) https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-6465-2025
- 4. Clouser, et al. (including C.E. Singer) (2026) https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-19-1147-2026